导语:聚合物全固态电池的主要优势在于其易于加工,能够生产大容量电芯,并且其机械性能较为柔软,与目前使用的电解液在性能上有所接近。这种设计使得它成为最容易利用现有设备进行改造和规模化生产的固态电池类型。
solid-state battery technology is divided into three main categories: polymer, oxide, and sulfide. Each category has its unique advantages and disadvantages.
The polymer solid-state battery was first researched in 1973. It boasts several benefits, including ease of processing, the ability to produce large-capacity cells, and a mechanical performance that is relatively soft. Its properties are similar to those of current liquid electrolytes, making it easier to adapt existing manufacturing equipment for mass production.
However, the polymer solid-state battery also has some drawbacks. Its ionic conductivity is the lowest among the three types, requiring heat above 60 degrees Celsius to enhance conductivity up to 10^-3 S/cm. This necessitates maintaining a high-temperature state. Moreover, its energy density is limited due to the organic nature of polymers and their inferior electrochemical performance compared with inorganic materials.
On the other hand, oxide solid-state batteries have better high-voltage tolerance and higher conductivities than polymers (up to 10^-5 - 10^-3 S/CM). Typical representatives include LAGP (lithium lanthanum gallate peroxide) and LATP (lithium aluminum titanium phosphate). However, they still lag behind liquid electrolytes in terms of performance.
Oxide solid-state batteries suffer from several limitations as well. Their mechanical hardness makes them prone to cracking when used for separator films; they exhibit poor interfacial contact with positive electrodes; these issues hinder large-capacity cell fabrication.
Lastly comes sulfide solid-state batteries which boast superior contact quality resulting in excellent ionic conductivities; their particles are relatively soft facilitating face-to-face contacts between components—making them a promising future option for full-solid-state batteries capable of surpassing liquid electrolyte levels.
Despite these advantages however sulfur-based materials come with significant costs due largely because they react strongly with air moisture or solvents compromising stability during manufacturing transport & handling processes limiting their widespread use